2019年11月“一带一路”倡议下的全球城市（2019年度报告）_中国规划设计研究院_14页_2019.11.pdf

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1、 SHIFTING PARADIGM OF GLOBALIZATION 全球化范式的转变 CONTENT 目录 包容性全球化的新视角 NEW PERSPECTIVE OF INCLUSIVE GLOBALIZATION 全球价值活力城市指数 INDEX FOR DYNAMIC CITIES WITH GLOBAL VALUE “一带一路”潜力城市指数 INDEX FOR“BELT AND ROAD”POTENTIAL CITIES 02 01 中国城市规划设计研究院 / China Academy of Urban Planning populism and protectionism are

2、 on the rise; the anti-globalization tides are surging; and the new barriers are emerging. On the other hand, the gap between the rich and the poor caused by the previous round of globalization is enlarging, and the Matthew Eff ect becomes much more obvious. Events like Occupy Wall Street in New Yor

3、k and the Yellow Vests Movement in Paris relfect that the optimal global city mode in the western world represented by New York and London is confronted with such serious problems as “expelling”, “dissatisfac- tion” and “diff erentiation” caused by the wealth gap, the social diff erentiation and the

4、 city gentrifi cation. Now the economic globalization featured with the neoliberalism is in an intersection and eager for a new way out. As the current world is undergoing major development, changes and adjustments, the western developed economies adhering to BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE LEADS INCLUSIVE

5、 GLOBALIZATION “一带一路”倡议引领包容性全球化 当今世界处于大发展大变革大调整时 期，在传统全球化模式陷入困境和加 新自由主义全球化陷入困境 THE GLOBALIZATION OF NEOLIBERALISM IN DEEP WATER 04 03 中国城市规划设计研究院 / China Academy of Urban Planning while the developed countries need to resolve the urgent issues such as domestic imbalanced development and the social p

6、olarization. Only with more inclusive and fair mode can globalization sustain. Adhering to the Silk Road Spirit of “peace and cooperation, open- ness and inclusiveness, mutual learning and mutual benefi t”, China proposed the Belt and Road Initiative which is a eff ective solution with Chinese wisdo

7、m to solve the problem of imbalanced develop- ment. As the initiative is put forward to facilitate the future interna- tional cooperation, it has revealed the vision of the interconnection between the Chinese dream and the dream of the world and the community with shared future for mankind jointly b

8、uild by all coun- tries, and ushered in the new thought of the inclusive globalization. 速转型的背景下，秉持“全球化回 缩”策略的西方发达经济体与希望扩 大开放的新兴经济体正在激烈博弈。 然而，现代生产方式、交通方式和通 信技术正在加速链接全球，世界已经 不可能退回到封闭孤立的时代。全球 化仍是未来全球发展的重要动力。 一方面，上一阶段未能在全球化进程 中获益的大量发展中国家亟待融入新 的全球化进程，另一方面，发达国家 内部不均衡和社会极化问题也亟待解 决。全球化需要更加包容、公平的模 式，才能继续走下去。

9、 “一带一路”倡议秉持“和平合作、 开放包容、互学互鉴、互利共赢”的 丝绸之路精神，正是中国为解决不平 衡问题而提出的、具有中国智慧的良 方，是面向未来的国际合作新共识， 展现了中国梦与世界梦相互联通，各 国携手打造人类命运共同体的美好愿 景，引领了包容性全球化的新思潮。 “一带一路”倡议下的全球城市 / Global Cities in the Visionof Belt and Road Initiative 2013 年以来，共建“一带一路”倡 议以政策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅 通、资金融通和民心相通为主要内容 扎实推进。政策沟通是共建“一带一 路”的重要保障。“一带一路”倡议 提出至今，

10、中国与有关国家和国际组 织充分沟通协调，形成了共建“一带 一路”的广泛国际合作共识。设施联 通是“一带一路”建设的基础和重要 载体。以铁路、公路、航运、航空、 管道、空间综合信息网络等为核心的 “一带一路”潜力城市：五通 “BELT AND ROAD” POTENTIAL CITIES: POTENTIAL ON FIVE MAJOR GOALS Since 2013, the Belt and Road Initiative have been promoted steadily from fi ve major aspects including policy coordination,

11、facilities connectivity, unimpeded trade, fi nancial integration and people-to-people bonds. Policy coordination is an important guaran- tee for the joint promotion of the Belt and Road Initiative. From the proposal of the Belt and Road Initiative till now, China and related countries and internatio

12、nal organizations have reached the extensive consensus on international cooperation based on the full communi- cation and coordination . The facilities connectivity is the basis and the important carrier for the construction of the Belt and Road Initia- tive. The the infrastructure network including

13、 the railway, road, shipping, aviation, pipeline and spatial information network is built up in an accelerated manner, eff ectively improving the effi cient 全球价值活力城市：网络协同 包容性全球化的新视角 NEW PERSPECTIVE OF INCLUSIVE GLOBALIZATION DYNAMIC CITIES WITH GLOBAL VALUE: SYNERGY AMONG THREE NETWORKS 新自由主义全球化背景下，

14、全球城 市研究大致可以分为“控制中心” 和“网络关联”两个视角：Fried- mann等为代表的学者，从综合“控 制中心”视角，通过跨国公司总部 数量、国际机构数量、制造业规 模、交通设施等级等综合属性指标 评价城市的全球地位，以核心-边 缘、等级结构解读全球城市格局， 较 关 注 全 球 资 本 支 配 能 力 ； Sassen、Castells、GaWC为代表的 学者和机构，从单一“网络关联” 视角，基于金融、信息等生产服务 领域的总部与分支网络关系，识别 城市在全球服务网络中的集聚度和 关联度，以流动网络解读全球城市 格局，更强调全球资本服务能力。 以上两种视角较多强调顶级全球城 市的作

15、用，契合了新自由主义全球 化的发展理念，在当时具有很强的 解释力。 在包容性全球化时代，全球化的动力 更加丰富，全球价值链的内涵更加复 杂：科技创新资源、创新活动、创新 服务的全球化正在发挥无可比拟的重 要影响力，将改变全球城市格局；智 能制造、分布式生产等现代制造方式 为先进制造环节回归大城市提供机 遇，生产呈现服务化趋势，生产网络 Against the backdrop of the neoliberalism-oriented globalization, the study about global cities are conducted mainly from two persp

16、ectives: Control Center and Network Connection. From the perspective of “Control Center”, scholars represented by Fried- mann evaluated the cities global position by means of various comprehensive attribute indicators including the quantity of head- quarters of transnational companies, the number of

17、 international organizations, the scale of the manufacturing industry and the level of traffi c facilities, interpreted the global city landscape based on the core-edge and hierarchical structure, and paid more atten- tion to the global capital control capacity. From the single “Net- work Connection

18、” perspective, other scholars and institutes repre- sented by Sassen, Castells and GaWC have identifi ed the concen- tration level and the relevance of cities in the global service network based on the connectivity between the headquarters and branch network in fi nance, information and other produc

19、tion service areas, interpreted the global city landscape based on the mobile network and placed more emphasis on the global capital service capacity. The two perspectives have largely highlighted the role of top global cities, corresponded to the development concept of the neoliberalism globalizati

20、on. Therefore, they are self-explan- atory. In the age of inclusive globalization, the globalization enjoys diversifi ed engines and the global value chain is more sophisticat- ed. As the globalization featuring high-tech and innovative resources, activities and service is exerting its incomparable

21、infl u- ence, it will completely change the global city landscape. Smart manufacturing, the distributed production and other modern man- ufacturing methods will pose great opportunity for the advanced manufacturing activities to return to the big cities, and the produc- tion will be transformed to s

22、ervice. As the manufacturing network 06 05 中国城市规划设计研究院 / China Academy of Urban Planning the connectivity of various global elements such as people, commodities and information deter- mines that whether there is possibility for the city to participate in the globalization and the global connectivity

23、 facility network has become the premise of obtaining development opportunities from the economic globalization. The global innovation network, the global production and service network and the global connectivity facility network have jointly determined the competitiveness of the global cities. Wit

24、h the ever fi erce competition, the trend of seeking common impetus and shared value among the global cities has become more obvious. The cities cannot sustain its competitiveness and resilience if they only have a single development driver or are advantageous in only certain link of the global valu

25、e chain. Only when they occupy a dominant position in the above-mentioned three major networks, maintain active and promote the interaction of diff erent links of the global value chain can they maintain the leading position and sustainable competitiveness in the global value chain and become dynami

26、c cities with global value. “一带一路”倡议下的全球城市 / Global Cities in the Visionof Belt and Road Initiative 基于全球价值链视角，从全球创新 网络、全球生产与服务网络、全球 联通设施网络三个维度出发，揭示 全球城市实力格局。 顶级城市格局整体稳定，复合型城市竞争力更强， 亚洲城市及新兴国家的后发城市实力显现 THE TOP TIER CITIES POSSESS STRONG ADVANTAGE; THE FULL-FUNCTIONED CITIES HAVE BETTER COMPETITIVENESS

27、; ASIAN CITIES AND OTHER DEVELOPING CITIES OF EMERGING MARKETS ARE RISING 08 07 中国城市规划设计研究院 / China Academy of Urban Planning various patent activities in Tokyo are quite lively; and in London concentrates the high-quality universities. It is worth mentioning that, Hangzhou possesses remarkable inno

28、va- tion ability, ranking the 14th in the global innovation network (only next to Beijing and Shanghai in China). Besides, various innovation mainstay are gathered in Hangzhou. For example, global technical innovation enterprises represented by Alibaba as well as unicorn enterprises including Ant Fi

29、nancial Services Group and Cainiao Smart Logistics Network Limited are all settled here. According to Hangzhou Venture Capital Association, up to February 2019, there are 30 unicorn enterprises and 130 quasi unicorn enterprises in Hangzhou. The total estimated value of these enterprises has exceeded

30、 330 billion dollars, and they are highly innovative. The global production and service network consists of the global production network and the global service network, respectively refl ecting the global cities control over the manufacturing industry and the service industry. 全球生产与服务网络：亚洲城市占有一席之地

31、全球生产与服务网络由全球生产网络与 全球服务网络构成，分别反映全球城市 在制造业及服务业的控制支配能力。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 0.61 0.57 0.56 0.55 0.54 0.53 0.52 0.50 0.47 0.45 0.44 0.41 0.37 0.37 0.36 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.33 0.32 东京 Tokyo 香港 Hong Kong 北京 Beijing 伦敦 London 新加坡 Singapore 旧金山 San Francisco 纽约 New York 上海 Shangh

32、ai 首尔 Seoul 洛杉矶 Los Angel 迪拜 Dubai 广州 Guangzhou 深圳 Shenzhen 芝加哥 Chicago 哥本哈根 Copenhagen 汉堡 Hamburg 巴黎 Paris 墨尔本 Melbourne 多伦多 Toronto 悉尼 Sydney 全球创新网络0.33全球生产和服务网络0.33全球联通设施网络0.33 Global Innovation Network x0.33Global Production and Service Network x0.33Global Connectivity Facility Network x0.33 全球创

33、新网络：中美领衔全球，旧金山、杭州表现突出 10 09 中国城市规划设计研究院 / China Academy of Urban Planning as an important hub for the inter- national aviation transportation in the southeast Asia, the Asia-Pacif- ic region and the Oceania, Singapore has maintained its position of the largest aviation transportation center in the w

34、orld for 6 consecu- tive years. Meanwhile, Singapore has highlighted the development of information industry, positively constructed information infrastruc- tures and become one of the economies with the highest level of IT application. 北京 东京 伦敦 纽约 首尔 新加坡 巴黎 香港 洛杉矶 西雅图 慕尼黑 上海 杭州 多伦多 悉尼 柏林 苏黎世 墨尔本 深圳

35、 Beijing Tokyo London New York Seoul Singapore Paris Hong Kong Los Angeles Seattle Munich Shanghai Hangzhou Toronto Sydney Berlin Zurich Melbourne Shenzhen 北京 首尔 纽约 香港 伦敦 新加坡 上海 台北 迪拜 深圳 哥本哈根 广州 芝加哥 孟买 圣保罗 莫斯科 多伦多 曼谷 斯德哥尔摩 Beijing Seoul New York Hong Kong London Singapore Shanghai Taipei Dubai Shenz

36、hen Copenhagen Guangzhou Chicago Mumbai So Paulo Moscow Toronto Bangkok Stockholm 新加坡 迪拜 伦敦 洛杉矶 上海 东京 广州 纽约 鹿特丹 汉堡 釜山 丹佛 奥斯陆 安特卫普 雅典 亚特兰大 墨尔本 哥本哈根 温哥华 Singapore Dubai London Los Angeles Shanghai Tokyo Guangzhou New York Rotterdam Hamburg Busan Denver Oslo Antwerp Athens Atlanta Melbourne Copenhagen

37、Vancouver “一带一路”倡议下的全球城市 / Global Cities in the Visionof Belt and Road Initiative 政策沟通潜力：哈萨克斯坦、俄罗斯与中国联系紧密 从全球区域来看，政策沟通排行前 20的城市中，哈萨克斯坦、巴基斯 坦、俄罗斯等国家从上榜城市数量和 排名上均遥遥领先，是与中国政策领 域联系最紧密的国家。作为“一带一 路”“起点”的哈萨克斯坦与中国的 合作正成为“一带一路”倡议下国家 合作的范本。根据第二届“一带一 路”国际合作高峰论坛发布的成果清 单，哈萨克斯坦及俄罗斯与中方签署 Globally, among Top 20 cit

38、ies in light of the policy coordination, Kazakhstan, Pakistan and Russia hold a safe lead both in respect of the number of listed cities and the ranking, and their policies are most closely coordinated with that of to China. Kazakhstan, as the start point of the Belt and Road, has developed its coop

39、eration with China into a model for other countries under the Belt and Road Initiative. According to the list of achievements issued by the 2nd Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation, Kazakhstan and Russia have signed various multilateral/bilateral cooperation documents, estab- “一带一路”潜力城市

40、指数排名及得分（前20位） 0.65 0.60 0.59 0.48 0.45 0.44 0.41 0.40 0.39 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.36 0.36 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 北京 Beijing 香港 Hong Kong 莫斯科 Moscow 上海 Shanghai 伦敦 London 新加坡 Singapore 曼谷 Bangkok 圣彼得堡 St. Petersburg 首尔 Seoul 哈巴罗夫斯克Khabarovsk 东京 Toky

41、o 阿拉木图 Alma-Ata 阿斯塔纳 Astana 明斯克 Minsk 金边 Phnom Penh 巴黎 Paris 仰光 Rangoon 伊尔库茨克 Irkutsk 深圳 Shenzhen 万象 Vientiane 政策沟通0.2民心相通0.2贸易畅通0.2设施联通0.2资金融通0.2 Policy Coordination x0.2People-to-people Bonds x0.2Unimpeded Trade x0.2Facilities Connectivity x0.2Financial Integration x0.2 POTENTIAL FOR POLICY COORDI

42、NATION: CLOSE COORDINATION OF KAZAKHSTAN AND RUSSIA WITH CHINA 基于“一带一路”重点领域，从政 策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅通、资 金融通和民心相通五个维度出发， 揭示全球城市潜力格局。 “一带一路”沿线城市潜力巨大，正在快速崛起 CITIES ALONG THE BELT AND ROAD WITH HUGE POTENTIAL ARE RISING RAPIDLY 14 13 中国城市规划设计研究院 / China Academy of Urban Planning from the perspective of countries

43、, Russia and Kazakhstan have close relationship with China, and will play an important role in the imple- mentation of the Belt and Road Initiative. In terms of specifi c cities, global top cities are always strongly involved in the globalization. Hong Kong, London and Singapore are still ranked amo

44、ng the Top 10. Following Beijing, Hong Kong possess- es four unique advantages in terms of its position, fi rst mover, profes- sional services and humanistic care in the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative. The CHINA RAILWAY Express and other inland connec- tion network have provided opport

45、unities for some cities along the Belt and Road. For example, Astana and Almaty in Kazakhstan are ranked among the Top 20. The Alashankou port is the border port between China and Kazakhstan. According to China Alashankou Customs, there were 2388 times of freight transportation of the CHINA RAILWAY

46、Express via the Alashankou port in 2018, up by 31.72% on a year-on-year basis; 1.2316 million tons of freight were delivered, up by 48.78% on a year-on-year basis. As ASEAN has established a strong and mutually-benefi cial cooperation partnership with China, the high-level exchanges are frequent, th

47、e economic ties are close and the personnel exchanges are intensive, forming the all-round, multilevel and extensive cooperation relationship. Bangkok, Phnom Based on the prioritized fi elds of the Belt and Road Initiative, the land- scape of the potential of the global cities can be revealed from f

48、i ve aspects including the policy coordination, facility connectivity, unim- peded trade, fi nancial integration and people-to-people bonds. 曼谷、金边、仰光、万象等城市纷 纷进入榜单前 20。 Penh, Yangon and Vientiane are ranked among the Top 20 now. THE RANKING AND SCORE OF THE INDEX FOR “BELT AND ROAD” POTENTIAL CITIES

49、(TOP 20) “一带一路”倡议下的全球城市 / Global Cities in the Visionof Belt and Road Initiative Globally, among Top 20 cities in light of the unimpeded trade, most are Asian cities among which 5 cities are from the southeast Asian. Following Asia, there are 3 cities listed are from West Africa. In terms of specifi

50、 c cities, Hong Kong, as the center for the global trade, will still take an important position from the perspective of trade under the Belt and Road Initiative. By seizing the opportunities brought by the Belt and Road Initiative, Hong Kong will further serve as the platform for the “going out” pol